Why did Jesus curse the fig tree?

In Mark 11:12–14 and Matthew 21:18–22, Jesus approaches a fig tree that has leaves but no fruit. He says, “May no one ever eat fruit from you again.” The next day, the disciples see that the tree has withered from the roots (Mark 11:20). This act is symbolic and layered with meaning. Fig trees with leaves usually bear early edible buds (taqsh). Even if it wasn’t the main season for figs, the presence of leaves typically signaled that some form of early fruit should be there. The absence of any fruit, despite signs of life, made the tree a fitting image of spiritual hypocrisy. A warning against fruitless religion, the tree represented outwardly religious people—especially Israel’s leaders—who showed signs of spiritual vitality but lacked true faith and obedience. Jesus' act served as a parable of judgment against such appearances without substance. It was also a lesson in faith and prayer. When the disciples saw the tree withered the next day, Jesus taught them about the power of believing prayer (Mark 11:22–24), showing that spiritual authority flows from genuine faith. The cursing of the fig tree is a powerful, enacted parable—revealing Jesus’ expectations of fruitfulness in the lives of His followers, and a call to authenticity over appearances.